写作基础-4-笔 记-语言篇-漂亮-句子重心
句子重心——精准、地道的表达
句子的重心在主干
从「句子 = 主干 + 修饰」知道，修饰是围绕主干而展开的。
eg. 看在我的面子上，你就帮帮他。（这里主句是「你就帮帮他」）
句子的重心在转折后
转折后的内容才是重点，这点和做阅读是一致的。
举例：
- Although the environment has become better, there are still many problems. （强调问题很多）
- Although there are still many problems, the environment has become better. （强调环境变好）
- The environment has become better, but there are still many problems. （强调问题很多）
句子的重心在主语
假如我们需要写一句内容为：号召人们多坐公交车，以此来减少污染。
这句话要强调的是「坐公交」或者「减少污染」
第一招 主动转被动
People do A → A be done
Public transport should be taken as much as possible to reduce pollution.
Pollution can be reduced if taking public transport becomes more prevalent.
第二招 动词名词化
People do → Do 的名词形式/Doing
Taking public transport contributes to reducing pollution.
The reduction of pollution results from taking public transport.
总结
复杂句子中，表意重心在主句。
多个分居中，重心在转折后。
单个句子中，重心在主语。
常用套句总结——体现结构与语言
套版的存在是因为：问法固定了，回答问题的结构也就相对固定了；结构固定了，体现结构的语言也就会反复出现。
以内容为主，适当使用套版，可以锦上添花。
接下来总结观点句表达的套版。
1. 被动语态 / 主语从句
It is widely accepted that X is good.
It is/ It has been +
widely/ unanimously/ prevalently/ commonly/ convincingly +
know/ accepted/ believed/ argued/ agreed/ recognized +
that...
比如 It has been unanimously believed that X is good.
2. 非限定性定语从句的特殊用法
X is good, which is widely known.
As is/can be +
widely/ unanimously/ prevalently/ commonly/ convincingly +
know/ accepted/ believed/ argued/ agreed/ recognized
例如：As is widely known, X is good.
3. 主语从句 + 形容词
It is convincing that X is good.
It is +
completely/ absolutely +
obvious/ convincing/ crystal clear/ undeniable/ evident +
that...
4. 主语从句 + 名词
It is an evident fact that X is good.
It is a/ an
obvious/ convincing/ crystal clear/ undeniable/ evident +
fact/ truth/ argument/ saying +
that...
5. 被动语态 + 同位语从句
A convincing argument can be made that X is good.
A/ An +
obvious/ convincing/ crystal clear/ undeniable/ evident +
fact/ truth/ argument/ saying +
can be made/ found/ supported +
that...
6. 介词短语
As an evident fact, X is good.
As a/an +
obvious/ convincing/ crystal clear/ undeniable/ evident +
fact/ truth/ argument/ saying
7. 主语从句 + 最高级
What impressed me (the) most is that X is good.
What is (the) most noticeable is that...
The most impressive benefit is that...
The most noticeable fact is that...
注意，最高级的套句只适用于第一个论点。（最重要的观点通常被放在首位）
替换词的使用——写作中的“一键 P 图”
写作质量低下的原因可能是因为中文不好，解决方法——中文带动英文。
- 用词要场景化、具体化，比如“有很多树木” → “茂盛的树木”
- 用非成语解释成语，比如“当学生毕业时” → “当学生们准备踏入社会时”、“当学生们即将离开校园时”（这里的成语是说常规的语言，这里比较正式的名称叫做「同义转述」paraphrase）