时态
时态
时态的组合:
一般 | 进行 | 完成 | 完成进行 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
现在 | 现在一般 | 现在进行 | 现在完成 | 现在完成进行 |
过去 | 过去一般 | 过去进行 | 过去完成 | 过去完成进行 |
将来 | 将来一般 | 将来进行 | 将来完成 | 将来完成进行 |
过去将来 | 过去将来一般 | 过去将来进行 | 过去将来完成 | 过去将来完成进行 |
时(主要依靠 do/be/have 三个的变化):
do | be | have | |
---|---|---|---|
现在 | do/does | am/is/are | have/has |
过去 | did | was/were | had |
将来 | will do | will be | will have |
过去将来 | would do | would be | would have |
态(主要依靠 do/be):
态 | do/be |
---|---|
一般 | do/be |
进行 | be doing/being |
完成 | have done/been |
完成进行 | have been doing/being |
看一个句子,首先看「态」,再看「时」,然后结合起来
He repairs the watch:
将来 完成:have been(态) + will have(时) → He will have repaired the watch.
过去将来 完成进行:have been doing(态)+ would have(时) → He would have been repairing the watch.
一般态
一般现在:
-
包含现在时间点在内的较长时间段内,一个状态持续的存在,或一个动作重复、规律性地发生。
-
I am a man.
-
I am Chinese.
-
The sun is bigger than the Earth.
-
I like swimming.
-
The sun rises from the east.
-
Failure teaches success.
-
I work in this restaurant every day.
-
-
当前一个动作的发生或一个状态的存在(不强调持续性,这是与 现在进行时 最大的区别)
- I'm at home.
- I see you.
- It doesn't matter.
一般过去:和一般现在类似
一般将来:和一般现在类似
进行时
现在进行:
- 包括现在时间点内的较短时间内,某一个动作持续或高频发生
- I am reading.
- He is jogging.
- I am learning English these days.
过去进行:略
将来进行:略
完成时
现在完成时:
- 一个动作已经发生、或一个状态已经存在了,且对现在的事情有一定影响
- They have finished their jobs.
- I have been to China 3 times.
💡 现在完成时和一般过去时有什么区别?大体上没有区别,可以互换,有区别的情况:
- 中文语境下如果有”已经“,那就用现在完成时
- Where did you go last month? I went to Tasmania(你上个月去哪儿了?我去塔斯马尼亚了。)
- Have you been to Tasmania? Yes, I have.(你已经去过塔斯马尼亚吗?是的,我去过。)
- 如果是确定的时间点(from/to),主句常用一般过去时;如果是一个时间段(since/by),主句常用现在完成时
- I began learning dancing in my childhood.
- I have learnt dancing since my childhood.
- 强调动词的持续性,用完成态(since/by 表时间段,主句完成态)
- I began learning dancing when I was a child.(began 开始这个动作无法持续)
- I have learnt dancing since my childhood.(learn 学习这个动作可以持续)
- 句中的动作或状态是否有后续影响。
- I have finished the job.
- I finished the job.
过去完成态:
- B 点比 A 点还早,且 B 点发生的动作对 A 点有影响
- She had left(B) before you came(A) back. 你回来之前她就走了。
- I had watched(B) this movie before last week(A). 我上周前就看过这部电影了。
完成进行时
- 一个动作在过去发生,且一直持续到现在。强调的是动作在现在时间点之前的持续性。
- I have been studying for half an hour.
- Who has been shouting here?
现在完成时 vs 现在完成进行时
这两个时态都可以表示一个动作持续到现在,区别在于:
- 现在完成时侧重于动作的完成
- I have learned English for 10 years.
- 现在完成进行时侧重于动作的持续
- I have been learning English for 10 years.
被动语态与时态
The watch is repaired.
现在 进行:be being(态)+ be(时) → The watch is being repaired.
现在 完成进行:have been being(态)+ be(时)→ The watch has been being repaired.