跳到主要内容

网络社会

👉 课件 PDF： Unit 6

语法：真实与非真实条件（虚拟语气）​

真实条件：可能发生​

  • 确定事实：If + do, do
    • If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
    • If you do not water your plant, it dies.
  • 可能发生：if + do, will do
    • If you pour water onto your computer, it will be broken.
    • If you do not water tha plant, your mom will be angry.

主情从现，主语用情态动词，从句用现在式。（主情从现包括主将从现）

非真实条件：不可能发生​

  • 对现在/将来的虚拟：If + did, would/should/could/might do

    • If I were an instafamous, I would/should/could/might be rich now.
    • If he had more free time, he could learn a new skill.
    • If I became an instafamous in the future, I would/should/could/might travel around the world.
    • If I were to become an instafamous in the future, I would/should/could/might travel around the world.
    • If I should become an instafamous in the future, I would/should/could/might travel around the world.

注意对于现在的虚拟来说， be 动词必须要用“were”，无论主语是单数或第一人称

对于将来的虚拟来说，be 动词可用可不用”were“

  • 对过去的虚拟：If + had done, would/should/could/might have done
    • If I had known better， I would/should/could/might have studied English harder.
    • If I had known better, I would/should/could/might not/never have given up my English skills.

例子：If I (work) hard, I (go) to a better school.

有 5 种可能：

  1. work; will go（常见，比如入学第一天会这样讲）
  2. work; go（不常见，太肯定了）
  3. worked; would go（不常见，虚拟本身就不可能发生）
  4. had worked; would have gone（常见，比如毕业之后会这样讲）
  5. had worked; would go（这里条件是对过去的虚拟，但是结果是对未来的虚拟，可能存在于高考结束，然后得到差成绩之后发出的感叹）

常见但是被忽略的虚拟语气

I should not have watched the file. （电影已经看过的，但是希望没有看过，一般用于后悔看过的场景）

I wish you would be happy every day.

You could help me.（你不会帮我）→ Could you help me?（这句话其实虚拟语气，一些语法会认为是委婉表达）

I would like to do.（同上分析）

Would you like some drink?（同上分析）