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Commas 逗号和引号

Commas 逗号​

Three ways to end a sentence 三种方式结束一个句子:

  1. Period 句号： .
  2. Exclamation 感叹号： !
  3. Question 问号： ?

Comma 逗号： Separate sentence elements 能够分割句子元素

  1. List 列表：Tofu, spam, and seaweed
  2. Date 日期：July 11, 1981
  3. Other 其他：Basically, everything is great!

逗号在电子邮件中：

  • 开头：
Dear Prudence,
I received the plum jam you sent me.
  • 结尾：
With love,
Bruce Ben-Bacharach

用逗号分割地址：Nero Wolfe, 454w 35th St, New York, NY 10001

用逗号分割日期：On Tuesday, October 5th, 2010, I ate a cricket.

Introductory Element 引导成分：指句子开头、由逗号分割的部分，比如从属从句或者副词

比如 When you come in, please take off your shoes. 这里「When you come in」就是引导成分

Tag Question 附加疑问句：在陈述句或者命令句之后加一句疑问句：

  • You like cheese, don't you?
  • This won't hurt, will it?

Direct Address 直接称呼：用逗号分割直接称呼的部分

  • Paige, would you like some more tea?

Yes or No 问句：在句子中间加逗号分割的问句

  • Yes, I would like some more tea.
  • No, I don't want any more tea.

在会话中使用逗号

  • Guillermo said, "I have no idea where I put that moonstone."
  • "They're probably pirates," Roxane said.

第二句中，我们用逗号分割了引用的部分，这是符合标准的写法

Appositive 同位语：用逗号分割同位语

  • My older sister, Griselda, is going to college in the fall.

Apostrophe 引号​

引号的三个作用：

  1. Contractions 缩略词：I will = I'll, He is = He's, She would = She'd, will not = won't
  2. Possession 所有格：the cat's tail
  3. Plurals 复数：i's and t's（表示字母的复数）

Plural Possession 复数所有格的写法：

  • the dog's bone（单数）
  • five dogs' bones（复数）
  • the dogs' favorite park（复数）

这里的引号只和 dog 有关，不和 park 有关，这一句是说“多条狗狗喜欢的公园”

  • The Harpers' house（复数）
  • men's, women's, mice's, children's

不规则名词仍然使用's

it's、 its 的区别

  • it's 是 it is 或者 it has 的缩写
    • It's a lovely day outside.
    • It's been one week since you looked at cheese.
  • its 是所有格，表示它的，这个词比较特殊，不需要使用引号
    • I like rib-eye steak because its rich flavor.