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PHP 基础

安装​

Mac 下安装 PHP​

# zsh 替换 brew bintray 镜像
echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles' >> 
~/.zshrc
source ~/.zshrc

# 刷新源
brew update

# 搜索 PHP 资源
brew search php
==> Formulae
brew-php-switcher    php-cs-fixer         php@8.1              phpmd                phpunit              pop
php                  php-cs-fixer@2       php@8.2              phpmyadmin           pup
php-code-sniffer     php@8.0              phpbrew              phpstan              pcp

==> Casks
eclipse-php                     phpstorm                        phpwebstudy                     pop
➜  ~ brew install php@7.4
Warning: No available formula with the name "php@7.4". Did you mean php@8.2, php@8.1 or php@8.0?
==> Searching for similarly named formulae and casks...
==> Formulae
php@8.2                                    php@8.1                                    php@8.0

To install php@8.2, run:
  brew install php@8.2
  
# 安装 php
brew install php@8.2

# 安装最后会有一些提示
To enable PHP in Apache add the following to httpd.conf and restart Apache:
    LoadModule php_module /opt/homebrew/opt/php@8.2/lib/httpd/modules/libphp.so

    <FilesMatch \.php$>
        SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
    </FilesMatch>

Finally, check DirectoryIndex includes index.php
    DirectoryIndex index.php index.html

The php.ini and php-fpm.ini file can be found in:
    /opt/homebrew/etc/php/8.2/

php@8.2 is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /opt/homebrew,
because this is an alternate version of another formula.

If you need to have php@8.2 first in your PATH, run:
  echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/php@8.2/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
  echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/php@8.2/sbin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc

For compilers to find php@8.2 you may need to set:
  export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/php@8.2/lib"
  export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/php@8.2/include"

To start php@8.2 now and restart at login:
  brew services start php@8.2
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
  /opt/homebrew/opt/php@8.2/sbin/php-fpm --nodaemonize

安装位置

usr/bin/php
# 最新版Mac系统
/opt/homebrew/opt/php@8.0/bin/
# 配置文件位置
/opt/homebrew/etc/php/8.0/php.ini

配置文件位置

vim /opt/homebrew/etc/php/8.0/php.ini

安装 VSCode 插件 PHP Server​

👉 PHP Server 下载地址

创建一个 php 文件

<html>
<head>
  <title>Example</title>
</head>
<body>
  <?php
  echo "Hi, I'm a PHP script!";
  ?>
</body>
</html>

右键 run 起来

如果遇到了 reason: Can't assign requested address，尝试在插件设置中将 localhost 改为 127.0.0.1，因为 localhost 可能解析不到，所以直接用 IP 地址。

安装 XAMPP​

XAMPP是一个集（Apache+MySQL+PHP+PERL）为一体的功能强大的建站集成软件包

👉 下载地址：https://www.apachefriends.org/download.html

PHP 的作用​

PHP 跨平台、支持大部分 web 服务器、很大部分数据库，它的作用有：

1️⃣ 服务端脚本。

2️⃣ 命令行脚本。只需要解释器就可以运行脚本，运行一些定时任务比较方便。

第一个 PHP 代码​

<?php
if (strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], 'Firefox') == true) {
  echo "You are using Firefox.<br />";
} else {
  echo "You are not using Firefox.<br />";
}

$_SERVER 是 PHP 特殊的保留变量，包含 web 的全部信息，称为「超全局变量」

处理表单​

# 4.php
<form action="4-1.php" method="post">
  <input type="text" name="name" placeholder="请输入姓名">
  <input type="text" name="age" placeholder="请输入年龄">
  <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
# 4-1.php
<p>
  我今年 <?php echo $_POST['age']; ?> 岁了，我的名字叫 <?php echo $_POST['name']; ?>。
</p>

4-1.php 存在 XSS 漏洞，进一步修改

# 4-1.php
<p>
  我今年 <?php echo htmlspecialchars($_POST['age'])  ?> 岁了，我的名字叫 <?php echo (int)$_POST['name']; ?>。
</p>
  • htmlspecialchars 可以正确解析 html 实体符号
  • (int) 可以强制转换类型